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AGRO 351: Annual Crops Notes

Institution: Kisii University

Course: Agricultural Education and Extension

Content Category: Lecture Notes

Posted By: grace mogiti

Document Type: DOCX

Number of Pages: 49

Price: KES 100
 
    

Views: 1617     Downloads: 35

Summary

KISII UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
AGRO 351: ANNUAL CROPS
Introduction
Historical Development of Crop Production:
• Early man lived on wild game, leaves, roots, seeds, berries, and fruits.
• As the population increased, the food supply was not always sufficiently stable or plentiful to supply his needs.
• This probably led to the practice of crop production.The art of crop production is older than civilization.
• Crop production began at least nine thousand (9000) years ago when domestication of plants became essential to supplement natural supplies in certain localities.
• All Modern cultivated crops were domesticated from wild species in order to meet man’s demand since the pre-historic time
• Homo sapiens did not practice agriculture until approximately 13000 years ago, even though the modern form of humans appeared approximately 50000 years ago.
• The domestication of crops by humans began in what is called Fertile Crescent on the western edge of modern Iran, initially called Tigris River and is the cradles of agriculture.
• Agriculture was also invented independently at several other locations in the world including Africa, Asia, China, India, japan, Mesoamerica, South America and eastern
• US and are referred to as the centers of origin of various annual crops that were self-pollinating and polyploidy.
• The act of planting and harvesting plants dramatically altered the genetic and physiological makeup of crop species due to conscious and unconscious selection. Such changes include non-shuttering of seed pods, seed retention, growth patterns (more of determinate growth), uniformity of ripening and levels of seed production (size and number)
• During the domestication process, levels of genetic variations were dramatically reduced and humans selected a narrow range of plant types.
• The essential features of crop production have remained almost unchanged since the dawn of history.
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