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AGRO 361: Perennial Crops Notes

Institution: Kisii University

Course: Agricultural Education and Extension

Content Category: Teaching Professional Documents

Posted By: grace mogiti

Document Type: DOCX

Number of Pages: 35

Price: KES 50
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KISII UNIVERSITY
AGRO 361: PERENNIAL CROPS
General Characteristics of Perennial Crops
? Perennials are long-lived plants, and can live from many years to many centuries, depending on the species. This group includes herbaceous plants (which have green stems with no wood in them, such as many herbs) and woody plants (such as woody shrubs, vines and trees). In Nature, most of the plants on the planet are perennials! The majority of all terrestrial (land based) and freshwater aquatic plants are perennial plants.
? These plants can reproduce from various types of offshoots from a parent plant (Vegetative parts), or they can reproduce from seed.
? Being long lived plants, perennial plants create stable ecosystems such as forests, which can provide a food source and a home for a diverse range of flora and fauna. Perennial crops like tea can make a thick forest if not maintained.
? Perennials grow quite slowly in comparison to annuals, as they take their time to establish themselves, putting out extensive root systems very deep into the soil, which allows them to access water and nutrients that cannot be reached by annual plants. They create a permanent network of roots that help stabilize the soil and prevent erosion.
? The slow growth means that perennials do not need large quantities of nutrients like annuals do to grow. They use a small amount of nutrients from the soil over a longer period of time, and as such are much better adapted than annuals to grow in low nutrient environments.
? Perennial plants have very deep roots. The advantage that perennials have with such deep running roots is that they can access water and nutrients that are beyond the range and reach of annual plants, making them far better adapted to extreme conditions. The very long perennial root systems are also excellent at stabilizing steep slopes and river banks, which shallow rooted plants are unable to do.
? Deep roots and a slow growth habit means that less fertilizer and water are required to grow perennial plants, and they are on the whole a lot more productive than annuals.
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