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Electrical Measurements and Fault Diagnosis (EMFD) Notes

Institution: College

Course: Certificate/Diploma in Electrical Engineering

Content Category: Lecture Notes

Posted By: 6611588

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Number of Pages: 173

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Summary

Download Electrical Measurements and Fault Diagnosis (EMFD) Notes.

The notes are prepared for students undertaking diploma in electrical engineering module 1.

Measurement is the comparison of an unknown physical quantity with a known fixed physical quantity.
Measurement is the process of obtaining the magnitude of a quantity relative to an agreed standard.
Basic requirements of measurement
The two basic requirements of measurement are
? The standard used for comparison purposes must be accurately defined and should be commonly accepted.
? The apparatus used and the method adopted must be provable.
The two methods of measurement may be broadly classified into two categories:
? Direct method
? Indirect method.
In direct method of measurement, the unknown quantity is directly compared against the standard. The result is expressed as a numerical number
Significance of Measurements:
The significance (importance) of measurement is expressed in the following statement of the famous physicist Lord Kelvin: “ I often say that when you can measure what you are speaking about and can express it in numbers, you know something about it; when you cannot express in it numbers your knowledge is of a meagre (insufficient) and unsatisfactory kind.”
Measurement Systems:
A measurement system is defined as the system (Group of physical components) which is used for making measurements.
There are three main functional elements of the measurement systems are:
a) Primary sensing element: these are basically transducers.
b) Variable conversion element or Signal conditioning elements: these are generally filters and amplifiers circuit.
c) Data presentation element or Outputs elements: these are basically display devices, like LED or LCD display.
Functions of Measurement systems:
Measurement systems may be classified into three important categories based on their functions they perform.
i) Indicating Measurement system
ii) Recording Measurement system and
iii) Controlling Measurement system.
i) Indicating Function (Indicating measurement system)
In this case information is obtained as a deflection of pointer of a measuring instrument. Example, The speed of automobile is indicated by deflection of pointer of a speedometer, Ammeter, Voltmeter and Wattmeter.
ii) Recording Function (Recording measurement system)
This involves a written record on the paper according to given input unknown quantity under measurement against time or against some other variable.
Example, Monitoring of instantaneous values of temperature records using potentiometric strip chart recorder with respect to time, monitoring of pressure and temperature relationship record for boiler and compressor using X-Y recorder.
iii) Controlling Function (Controlling measurement system)
In this case, the information is used by the instrument or the system to control the original measured input unknown quantity.
Applications of Measurement systems:
The Measurement systems are used for different applications are as under the following functions:
i) Monitoring of processes and operations
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Electrical Measurements and Fault Diagnosis (EMFD) Notes

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