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General Building Construction Notes: Diploma in Civil Engineering Module 1

Institution: College

Course: Diploma in Civil Engineering

Content Category: Lecture Notes

Posted By: 35824167

Document Type: DOCX

Number of Pages: 81

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Download General Building Construction (G.B.C).

Engineering module 1.
Introduction
Evolution of built envelopment
Building construction is the art of providing shelter to human being. It is the oldest industry which started with the existence of man. This is because man had to protect himself from atmospheric inconveniences such as rain, wind, sunshine, snow etc.
The first pre historic man who lived during Stone Age lived in caves which were either excavated on stone or on firm grounds. The excavation tools being sharp stones or sharpened pieces of wood.
As man continued to become more civilized there came to existence of constructed shelters such as traditional grass thatched houses with mud walls e.g. maasai manyattas, the Eskimo igloos etc.
Today we have modern construction technology in building industry with very much diversified fields such as:-
- Masonry / concreting
- Plumbing / drainage works
- Carpentry / joinery
- Painting
- Electrical works
- Air conditioning
- Gases installation
- Tilling
BUILDING PROCESS
i) Inception
ii) Conception
iii) Selection of site
iv) Construction
Quality assurance
i) Inception – proper briefing to concerned parties.
ii) Conception – communication among the design team
iii) Construction – supervision, specification, compliance, statutory obligations.
PRELIMINARIES
Site investigation
i) Site access
ii) Existing services
iii) Adjoining structure
iv) Soil conditions
Site clearance
I) Removal of trees and bushes
II) Removal of vegetable soil
III) Removal of termite nests
IV) Demolition
Demolition methods
- Hand demolition
- Winch demolition
- Ball arm demolition
Hand demolition
Involves the progressive demolition of a structure by operatives using hand tools, Crane edge is often used to lift out members once they have been released. The order of demolition is the reverse to that of construction.
Ball arm demolition
Involves demolition by swinging a heavy steel ball suspended from jib of a crane, Its limited for building over 30m in height and should be supplemented by hand demolition in that pitched roof as well as floors should be removed by hand.
Winch demolition
Steel ropes with a circumference of 38 mm or more should be used for demolishing part of the structure. Frequent inspection of these ropes is encouraged to make sure that their strength has not been impaired by use. No persons should be standing between the winch and the building being demolished. Nearer by distance equal to 75% of the distance between winch and structure on either side of the rope
SITE PREPARATION
Introduction:
It involves the investigations that are carried out by an architect, a builder or a contractor. It covers the soil characteristics, regulations required by the local authority concerned, the labour force, equipments, tools, materials required and safety precautions to be observed during the construction activities.
Site investigation
It’s the work carried out on the proposed site for putting up a building after the client has selected the site.
Basically there two types of investigations:
a) Those carried out by an architect or somebody with building experience ( usually the clients agent)
b) Those carried out by a builder or a contractor
Investigation carried out by an architect or somebody with building experience.
An architect carries out an investigation for the purpose of determining:
i) Physical features on the site (land topography): the surface of the site should have a gentle slope to facilitate natural drainage to prevent flooding.
ii) Vegetation: the trees should be planted to provide shades and protect the building from being damaged by wind. The grass and flowers need to be provided to improve the surrounding and stop soil erosion.
iii) Types of soil: an architect needs to know the characteristic of the soil so as to enable him to design a suitable foundation for the house and material required.
iv) Service: an architect needs to know the availability of water, telephone, electricity and road so as to be in a better position to advice the builder.

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General Building Construction Notes: Diploma in Civil Engineering Module 1

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