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Basic Research Notes

Institution: University

Course: Bachelor of Education

Content Category: eBooks

Posted By: pkibet

Document Type: PDF

Number of Pages: 56

Price: KES 300
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Summary

Basic Research
Description
The purpose of this e-book is to promote an understanding of basic research to new college and
university students. It covers terms which are used in research, ethical Issues In Research With
Children, research designs and methodologies, selection of appropriate research design
methodologies, data analysis procedures, and how to write a research proposal.

CHAPTER ONE
Definition of Research Terms
Introduction
A definition is a passage that explains the meaning of a term (a word, phrase, or other set of
symbols), or a type of thing. The term to be defined is the definiendum. A term may have many
different senses or meanings. For each such specific sense, a definiens is a cluster of words that
defines that term. The chief difficulty in managing definition is the need to use other terms that
are already understood or whose definitions are easily obtainable. The use of the term in a
simple example may suffice. By contrast, a dictionary definition has additional details, typically
including an etymology showing areas of usage (snapshots) of the earlier meanings and the
parent language. Like any other word, the term definition has subtly different meanings in
different contexts.
Definition of terms
Definition is a statement explaining the meaning of a word or expression especially in a
dictionary. Another meaning is that a Definition is the quality of being clear and distinct. In
research we need to give the definition of the words that may be misinterpreted and again
because we would like to be very clear and quite distinct in what we are telling others through
our studies. Here below is a set of definitions of words, expressions and term mostly used in
research studies.
Research
The Dictionary definition of the term Research is “a detailed study of a subject or an aspect of a
subject.” As described in our introduction above we need to see how scholars have treated this
term and other terms in order to arrive at their solution to their problems of study. Research has
variously been defined by different scholars.
a) A broad definition of research is given by Martin Shuttleworth - "In the broadest
sense of the word, the definition of research includes any gathering of data,
information and facts for the advancement of knowledge.
b) Another definition of research is given by Creswell who states - "Research is a
process of steps used to collect and analyze information to increase our
understanding of a topic or issue". It consists of three steps: Pose a question, collect
data to answer the question, and present an answer to the question.
c) The Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary defines research in more detail as "a
studious inquiry or examination; especially : investigation or experimentation aimed
at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in
the light of new facts, or practical application of such new or revised theories or
laws".
d) Kombo and Tromp (2006) say, that the term “research” means to look for, examine,
investigate or explore, and Orodho and Kombo (2002) define research as the process
of arriving at dependable solutions to problems through a planned systematic
collection, analysis and interpretation of data.
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